What is the preferred fluid to be used for children aged under 14 years old with thermal burns?

In the management of thermal burns in children, the appropriate fluid resuscitation is crucial as children have different physiological responses and requirements compared to adults. The preferred guideline for calculating fluid resuscitation in pediatric patients with thermal burns is based on the Parkland formula, which specifies using a rate of 3 mL of lactated Ringer's (LR) solution per kilogram of body weight per percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burned.

This fluid rate takes into consideration the child's lower blood volume and higher surface area to volume ratio, allowing for adequate resuscitation while minimizing the risk of fluid overload. The choice of lactated Ringer’s solution as the fluid is due to its composition, which provides electrolyte balance and helps maintain an optimal pH level in the body during the resuscitation process.

Using a factor greater than 3 mL per kg per % TBSA may lead to over-resuscitation, which can result in complications such as pulmonary edema, abdominal compartment syndrome, and tissue edema. Therefore, the correct answer reflects the established guideline for fluid resuscitation in this age group, ensuring effective treatment of burns while safeguarding against potential complications from excessive fluid administration.