What is the primary goal of performing an escharotomy?

The primary goal of performing an escharotomy is to release pressure to improve gas exchange. In cases of severe burns, particularly when the burns are deep and the tissue is charred or eschar (a thick, necrotic tissue) forms, this can lead to constriction of blood vessels and surrounding tissues. As edema develops, pressure builds up under the eschar, which can impair circulation and respiratory function.

By performing an escharotomy, the healthcare provider makes incisions through the eschar, effectively relieving this pressure. This intervention improves blood flow and oxygen delivery to the affected tissues and can also enhance gas exchange in the lungs if chest expansion is impaired due to circumferential burns. This is particularly crucial in cases of full-thickness burns that encircle a limb or the thorax, as timely intervention can prevent complications such as compartment syndrome or respiratory distress.

While managing pain and preventing infection are important aspects of burn care, they are not the primary goals of an escharotomy. Healing of the burned area may be a long-term objective related to overall burn care, but the immediate focus of an escharotomy is on relieving pressure to restore proper function and prevent serious complications.