What is the role of escharotomy in the case of a circumferential torso burn?

In the context of a circumferential torso burn, the primary role of escharotomy is to relieve pressure on the thoracic cavity. This procedure is performed when the burned tissue forms a hard, inelastic eschar that can restrict expansion of the chest wall during breathing. When the skin and underlying tissues are compromised, the pressure from the swelling can lead to respiratory distress by limiting lung expansion, which can result in inadequate ventilation and impaired oxygenation.

By performing an escharotomy, a surgeon cuts through the eschar, allowing for the expansion of the chest wall and thereby restoring normal respiratory mechanics. This intervention is crucial to prevent hypoxia and ensure that the patient can breathe adequately. The relief of pressure will promote better lung function and reduce the risk of complications associated with impaired breathing.