Which process requires oxygen and is associated with oxidative stress?

The correct answer relates to oxidative metabolism, which is a key energy production process in cells that requires oxygen. During oxidative metabolism, nutrients are broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This process generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts, which contribute to oxidative stress if not adequately managed by cellular antioxidants. Oxidative stress can lead to cellular damage and is implicated in various diseases, making it an important concept in understanding cellular metabolism and its implications for health.

Oxidative phosphorylation, which is closely related, is part of the broader framework of oxidative metabolism, specifically referring to the production of ATP via the electron transport chain in mitochondria. While it does require oxygen and is associated with oxidative processes, the term "oxidative metabolism" encompasses all biochemical pathways that utilize oxygen in the energy-generating processes. Therefore, while oxidative phosphorylation is a component, oxidative metabolism is the broader correct term that directly addresses the question regarding the relationship to oxidative stress.