Which type of burn affects both the epidermis and the dermis?

Second-degree burns are characterized by their impact on both the epidermis and the dermis layers of the skin. The epidermis, being the outermost layer, is where first-degree burns are typically isolated, causing redness and mild swelling without blister formation. In contrast, second-degree burns penetrate deeper into the skin, resulting in more significant symptoms such as blistering, swelling, and pain. This can be observed in partial-thickness burns, which involve the outer skin layers and a part of the dermis, leading to fluid accumulation and the formation of blisters. The healing process for second-degree burns typically takes longer than for first-degree burns, as it involves regeneration of the skin layers not only from the epidermis but also from the deeper dermal structures.

Third-degree burns extend through the dermis and into underlying tissues, often resulting in charred or white areas of skin and significant damage, making them more severe. Meanwhile, fourth-degree burns affect not just the skin but also the underlying muscles, tendons, and bones, representing the most severe form of burn injury. Hence, the identification of second-degree burns as affecting both the epidermis and dermis is accurate and critical for understanding the extent of burn injuries and their management.